Rwanda

Rwanda occupies roughly 26,338 km² in central-east Africa, bordered by Uganda to the north, Tanzania to the east, Burundi to the south, and the Democratic Republic of Congo to the west. Kigali serves as the capital and largest city. Kinyarwanda, French, and English are all official languages, with Swahili also recognised. The Rwandan franc is the national currency. Often called the Land of a Thousand Hills, Rwanda has built a reputation since the late 1990s for governance reform, conservation success, and rapid urban development.

Many nationalities can enter Rwanda visa-free or obtain a visa on arrival, reflecting the country's open tourism policy. Rwanda operates an eVisa system through the government's official immigration portal, which allows travellers to apply online before departure. Requirements and eligibility vary by nationality, so consulting the official Rwanda Directorate General of Immigration and Emigration website before travel is advisable.

Volcanoes National Park in the Virunga Mountains hosts the critically endangered mountain gorilla, accessible through licensed trekking permits. Nyungwe Forest National Park in the southwest covers one of Africa's oldest rainforests and is known for chimpanzee tracking and canopy walks. Lake Kivu on the western border offers a calm, freshwater alternative to ocean coastlines. The Kigali Genocide Memorial documents the 1994 genocide with solemnity and detail. Inema Arts Center in Kigali showcases contemporary Rwandan painting and sculpture.

Rwanda has a temperate tropical highland climate, moderated by elevation. Temperatures in Kigali typically range from around 14 °C at night to 27 °C during the day year-round. There are two rainy seasons — roughly February to May and October to December — and two drier periods. The long dry season from June to September is generally considered the best time to visit, particularly for gorilla trekking. Layers are practical given cool highland evenings even during warm months.

• First country to achieve a majority female parliament.
• Mountain gorilla population has grown under strict conservation.
• Plastic bags are banned nationwide since 2008.
• Kigali ranked among Africa's cleanest cities consistently.
• Umuganda community work day is held monthly nationwide.

• migration.gov.rw — Rwanda Directorate General of Immigration and Emigration, eVisa applications
• visitrwanda.com — Rwanda Development Board official tourism portal
• meteo.gov.rw — Rwanda Meteorology Agency, forecasts and climate data
• rdb.rw — Rwanda Development Board, investment and national park permits