Panama

Situated at the southern end of Central America, Panama borders Costa Rica to the west and Colombia to the east, with coastlines on both the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. The capital, Panama City, is the country's financial and cultural centre. Spanish is the official language and the currency is the Panamanian balboa, which holds parity with the US dollar — widely accepted throughout the country. Panama's identity is shaped by its role as a transit hub and by its exceptional biodiversity.

Many nationalities, including citizens of the United States, European Union countries, Canada, and the United Kingdom, can enter Panama visa-free for tourism. Visitors are typically required to show proof of onward travel and sufficient funds. Nationals of some countries must obtain a visa in advance through a Panamanian consulate. The official immigration authority website provides current entry requirements by nationality.

The Panama Canal, stretching 80 kilometres between oceans, remains the country's defining landmark, and the Miraflores Locks visitor centre offers close views of ships in transit. Casco Viejo, the colonial old quarter of Panama City, contains 17th-century cathedral ruins and restored republican-era architecture. The San Blas Archipelago, governed by the Guna people, comprises over 350 islands with coral reefs. Boquete, a highland town near Volcán Barú, draws visitors to cloud forest trails and coffee farms.

Panama has a tropical climate with two distinct seasons. The dry season runs from roughly December to April, with temperatures in lowland areas between 28°C and 34°C — the most predictable time to visit. The rainy season spans May to November, bringing daily afternoon showers but still warm temperatures. Highland areas such as Boquete are noticeably cooler, averaging 16°C to 20°C year-round. Light, breathable clothing with a packable rain layer is practical for most visits.

• The canal opened in 1914 after a decade of construction.
• Panama hats originate from Ecuador, not Panama.
• Home to over 1,000 recorded bird species.
• The US dollar is legal tender alongside the balboa.
• Panama City is the only capital city bordering a national park.

• visitpanama.com — official national tourism authority website
• migracion.gob.pa — Panamanian National Immigration Service
• weather.com/weather/today/l/Panama+City — general weather reference
• acp.gob.pa — Panama Canal Authority, official canal information