Bosnia and Herzegovina

Landlocked except for a 26-kilometre sliver of Adriatic coastline near Neum, Bosnia and Herzegovina borders Croatia, Serbia, and Montenegro across roughly 51,197 km². The capital, Sarajevo, serves as the political and cultural hub of a country with around 3.2 million people. Bosnian, Croatian, and Serbian are all official languages — mutually intelligible and written in both Latin and Cyrillic scripts. The currency is the convertible mark (BAM), pegged to the euro. The country's identity is shaped by three constituent peoples — Bosniaks, Serbs, and Croats — and centuries of layered Ottoman, Austro-Hungarian, and Yugoslav influence.

Many nationalities — including EU, UK, US, Canadian, and Australian passport holders — may enter Bosnia and Herzegovina visa-free for short stays. The country does not currently operate a formal eVisa system widely available to all nationalities. Travellers whose countries are not covered by bilateral agreements should consult the nearest Bosnian embassy or the official Ministry of Security for current entry requirements.

Stari Most, the reconstructed 16th-century Ottoman bridge arching over the Neretva River in Mostar, is perhaps the country's most recognisable landmark. Sarajevo's Baščaršija bazaar — a functioning Ottoman marketplace dating to the 15th century — anchors the old city. The medieval fortress town of Počitelj clings to a hillside above the Neretva. Kravice Waterfalls in Hercegovina cascade over a broad travertine amphitheatre. Sutjeska National Park shelters Perućica, one of Europe's last primeval forests.

The interior has a continental climate with cold, snowy winters and warm summers; Sarajevo averages around −1 °C in January and 25 °C in July. The Hercegovina region around Mostar is Mediterranean-influenced, with milder winters and hotter summers that can exceed 35 °C. Mountain areas receive heavy snowfall, sustaining ski resorts from December through March. Late spring and early autumn — May to June and September — offer the most comfortable conditions for travel across both regions. Pack layers for mountain excursions regardless of season.

• Sarajevo hosted the 1984 Winter Olympic Games.
• The 1914 assassination here triggered World War One.
• Stari Most bridge took nine years to reconstruct.
• Bosnia produces significant quantities of high-quality raspberries.
• The country has three presidents serving simultaneously by constitution.

• bhtourism.ba — official Bosnia and Herzegovina tourism portal
• mvp.gov.ba — Ministry of Foreign Affairs, visa and consular information
• fhmzbih.gov.ba — Federal Hydrometeorological Institute, weather forecasts
• granична.gov.ba — Border Police of Bosnia and Herzegovina, entry regulations